Canadian trade remedy proceedings include:

• Beer from the U.S.A.
• Bicycles from the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan
• Carbon Steel Welded Pipe from Argentina, India, Romania, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Venezuela and Brazil
• Concrete Reinforcing Bar from Belarus, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Japan, Portugal and Spain
• Copper Rod from Brazil and Russia
• Delicious Apples from the U.S.A.
• Dishwashers and Dryers from the U.S.A.
• Fabricated Industrial Steel Components (FISC) from China, Republic of Korea, Spain, United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom
• Flat Hot-Rolled Carbon and Alloy Steel Sheet and Strip from Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Chinese Taipei, India, Korea, Macedonia, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia
• Gypsum Board from the U.S.A
• Grain Corn from the U.S.A.
• Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Plate from Brazil, Finland, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Ukraine
• Laminate Flooring from China and Certain European Countries
• Liquid Dielectric Transformers from Korea
• Machine Tufted Carpet from the U.S.A.
• Pasta from Turkey
• Polyethylene Terephthalate Resin
• Refined Sugar from the U.S.A., Denmark, The Netherlands, United Kingdom and Republic of Korea

International trade remedy and subsidy proceedings include:

• United States – Final Anti-Dumping Measures on Stainless Steel from Mexico (WTO)
• United States – Investigation of the International Trade Commission in Softwood Lumber from Canada (WTO)
• United States – Continued Dumping and Subsidy Act (WTO)
• Canada – Export Credits and Loan Guarantees for Regional Aircraft (WTO)
• China – Grants, Loans and Other Incentives (WTO)
• China – Certain Measures Granting Refunds, Reductions or Exemptions from Taxes and Other Payments (MEX) (WTO)
• European Communities – Export Subsidies on Sugar (WTO)
• Mexico – Anti-Dumping Investigation of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) from the United States (WTO)
• United States – Laws, Regulations and Methodology for Calculating Dumping Margins (“Zeroing”) (WTO)
• United States – Measures Relating to Zeroing and Sunset Reviews (WTO)
• United States – Measures Treating Export Restraints as Subsidies (WTO)
• United States – Softwood Lumber II (GATT Subsidies Code Panel)
• Canada – Gypsum (AD) (CUSFTA)
• Canada – Beer (AD) (CUSFTA)
• Canada – Refined Sugar (AD) (NAFTA)
• Mexico – Flat Coated Steel (AD) (NAFTA)
• Mexico – Cut-to-Length Plate (AD) (NAFTA)
• United States – Softwood Lumber (AD, CVD) (NAFTA)

Trade remedy issues that our lawyers have addressed include:

• Whether natural resource harvesting/extraction measures are countervailable subsidies
• Whether export restraints are countervailable subsidies
• The determination of the amount of a subsidy using an option pricing model (Black & Scholes)
• Countervailing a price support program under Article 1.1(a)(2) of the WTO SCM Agreement
• Loans and financing subsidies
• Equity subsidies, including debt-to-equity swaps
• The interface between duty drawback and deferral programs and margins of dumping
• The pass-through of subsidies to downstream manufacturers
• Government ownership and benchmarks for the calculation of the amount of subsidies
• The effect of privatization on pre-privatization subsidies
• Input cost distortions
• Price support subsidies
• Non-market economies
• Zeroing methodology